Society & Class

Examinations of class, power, and the structures we live within.

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Midaq Alley

Midaq Alley portrays life in a small, crowded alley in Cairo during the Second World War, where shopkeepers, barbers, café owners, and residents struggle to survive amid poverty and social change. At the centre of the story is Hamida, a beautiful and ambitious young woman who dreams of escaping the limitations of her neighbourhood and achieving wealth and independence. Her desire for a different life brings her into conflict with Abbas, a humble barber who hopes to marry her and build a future together. As Hamida becomes increasingly attracted to the promises of modernity and material success, her choices lead her toward a darker world shaped by exploitation and disillusionment. Meanwhile, the other residents pursue their own ambitions, revealing the contradictions, humour, and hardships of everyday life. Through this interconnected portrait of a Cairo community, Naguib Mahfouz explores class inequality, gender expectations, ambition, and the impact of historical change on ordinary people. The alley becomes a microcosm of Egyptian society, where dreams of escape coexist with the powerful forces that keep people trapped in familiar circumstances.

Sugar Street

Sugar Street is the final novel in Naguib Mahfouz’s Cairo Trilogy, following the al-Sayyid family into the 1930s and the political and social changes that reshape Egypt. As the country moves toward greater independence, a new generation emerges with different ideas about religion, politics, and personal freedom. The family patriarch, Ahmad Abd al-Jawad, is now ageing, while his children and grandchildren navigate a world increasingly distant from the traditions that once governed their lives. The novel focuses on the consequences of these generational shifts, particularly as family members become involved in competing political movements and question established beliefs. Kamal, now a teacher, struggles with disillusionment and the loss of the ideals that once shaped his youth. Through the family’s experiences, Mahfouz examines the rise of nationalism, the appeal of secular thought, and the tensions between religious conservatism and modernity. Set against the lively streets and changing social landscape of Cairo, Sugar Street explores how political transformation influences private lives and how each generation must negotiate the relationship between inherited traditions and an uncertain future.

The Yacoubian Building

The Yacoubian Building

Behind the elegant façade of a once-grand Cairo apartment building lies a society fractured by corruption, poverty, and unfulfilled dreams. Its residents include a disillusioned journalist, a young man whose ambition to become a police officer is crushed by class prejudice, a wealthy businessman pursuing forbidden pleasures, and an ageing aristocrat haunted by a vanished past. As their lives intersect, the building becomes a microcosm of modern Egypt, exposing the hypocrisies of its ruling class and the quiet desperation of those struggling to escape their circumstances. Bold and provocative, The Yacoubian Building offers an unforgettable portrait of a nation caught between tradition, repression, and the desire for change.

The Republic of False Truths

The Republic of False Truths

Cairo, 2011. After decades under a repressive regime, tensions are rising in the city streets. No one is out of reach of the revolution. There is General Alwany, a high-ranking member of the government's security agency, a pious man who loves his family yet won't hesitate to torture enemies of the state; Asma, a young teacher who chafes against the brazen corruption at her school; Ashraf, an out-of-work actor who is having an affair with his maid and who gets pulled into Tahrir Square through a chance encounter; Nourhan, a television personality who loyally defends those in power; and many more. As these lives collide, a new generation finds a voice, love blossoms across class divides, and the revolution gains strength. Even the general finds himself at a crossroads as his own daughter joins the protests. Yet the old regime will not give up without a fight. With an unforgettably vivid cast of characters and a heart-pounding narrative banned across much of the region, Alaa Al Aswany gives us a deeply human portrait of the Egyptian Revolution, and an impassioned retelling of his country's turbulent recent history.

The Trees Are Walking in Alexandria

The Trees Are Walking in Alexandria

Alexandria, 1964. Under President Gamal Abdel Nasser, Egypt is undergoing a political transformation that threatens the city’s cosmopolitan spirit. At the elegant waterfront restaurant Artinos, a diverse circle of friends gathers each evening to discuss art, love, justice, and the future of their country. Among them are Lyda, the restaurant’s owner; Carlo, a charismatic Italian bartender; Anas, a painter; Abbas, a liberal lawyer; and Chantal, the owner of Alexandria’s most popular French bookshop. United by their affection for the city they call home, they struggle to reconcile their ideals with a regime that increasingly demands obedience and suppresses individual freedoms. As businesses are nationalised, suspicions deepen, and political pressure intensifies, their friendships and convictions face an unprecedented test. Through the intertwined lives of these characters, Alaa Al Aswany captures the twilight of a multicultural world, exploring how authoritarianism transforms society and how ordinary people navigate the painful collision between personal loyalties and political power.

About this theme

Books: 5
Countries: 54

Countries with this theme

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Congo, Democratic Republic

Côte d’Ivoire (Ivory Coast)

Dominican Republic