Identity & Belonging

Explorations of self, belonging, and what it means to find your place.

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My Name Is Red

Set in sixteenth-century Istanbul during the Ottoman Empire, My Name Is Red follows a group of miniature painters commissioned to create an illustrated book for the sultan. Their work becomes controversial because it incorporates European artistic techniques that challenge traditional Islamic approaches to representation. When one of the artists is murdered, the investigation exposes rivalries, jealousy, and competing ideas about art, religion, and cultural identity. The story unfolds through multiple narrators, including artists, objects, and even a corpse, creating a complex picture of a society caught between established traditions and new influences. Pamuk explores the relationship between artistic expression and political authority, asking whether adopting foreign ideas represents progress or the loss of cultural heritage. The novel combines a murder mystery with a philosophical examination of how people understand themselves through art and tradition.

Kafka on the Shore

Kafka on the Shore

Haruki Murakami

Kafka on the Shore weaves together the stories of Kafka Tamura, a fifteen-year-old boy who runs away from home, and Nakata, an elderly man whose unusual abilities emerged after a mysterious childhood incident. Kafka travels to a quiet library in Takamatsu, where he encounters people who help him confront questions about his family, his memories, and his destiny. Meanwhile, Nakata embarks on a journey of his own, following strange events that seem to connect him to Kafka’s life. As their stories unfold, dreams, myths, talking animals, and supernatural occurrences blur the boundaries between reality and imagination. Murakami explores fate, memory, loneliness, and the search for identity, creating a mysterious narrative in which the characters must confront aspects of themselves that resist ordinary explanation.

Istanbul: Memories and the City

Istanbul: Memories and the City

Istanbul: Memories and the City is a memoir in which Orhan Pamuk reflects on his childhood, his family, and his lifelong relationship with Istanbul. Blending personal recollections with historical observations and literary reflections, he portrays a city shaped by the fading grandeur of the Ottoman Empire and the uncertainties of modernisation. Pamuk describes the melancholy that permeates Istanbul’s streets, abandoned mansions, waterfronts, and neighbourhoods, connecting this atmosphere to the Turkish concept of hüzün, a collective sense of sorrow and loss. His memories of family life, artistic ambition, and the changing urban landscape reveal how individual identity becomes inseparable from the place in which it develops. The book explores belonging, cultural memory, and the relationship between past and present, offering both an intimate portrait of the author and a meditation on a city searching for its place between East and West.

Kindred

Octavia E. Butler

In Kindred, Dana, a young Black writer living in California in 1976, is unexpectedly transported through time to an antebellum Maryland plantation. Each time she arrives in the past, she encounters Rufus Weylin, the white son of a plantation owner whose survival becomes mysteriously linked to her own. As Dana is repeatedly pulled between her modern life and the brutal realities of slavery, she must navigate a world where her freedom and safety are constantly threatened. Her relationship with Rufus grows increasingly complicated as she struggles to protect her ancestors while preserving her own identity and humanity. Blending historical fiction and science fiction, Octavia E. Butler explores slavery, racism, power, and the enduring consequences of historical violence. The novel offers a deeply personal examination of how the past shapes the present and challenges our understanding of freedom, survival, and belonging.

United States 2003

Madras on Rainy Days

Madras on Rainy Days

At nineteen, Layla is caught between two worlds: the conservative Muslim upbringing her Indian immigrant parents have given her and the independence she has discovered growing up in America. When her parents arrange her marriage to Sameer, a man she barely knows, she reluctantly travels to Hyderabad, hoping to find a sense of belonging in the traditions she has spent years resisting. Amid elaborate wedding rituals, family expectations, and rising Hindu-Muslim tensions, Layla begins to question everything she thought she understood about love, faith, and womanhood. Madras on Rainy Days is a compelling exploration of female independence, cultural identity, and the secrets that lie beneath the surface of family life.

Architect's Apprentice

Architect's Apprentice

Set in the sixteenth-century Ottoman Empire, The Architect’s Apprentice follows Jahan, a twelve-year-old boy who arrives in Istanbul with Chota, an extraordinary white elephant intended for the sultan’s menagerie. As Jahan becomes involved in palace life, he encounters the celebrated imperial architect Mimar Sinan, who eventually takes him under his wing. Jahan enters a world of magnificent buildings, political intrigue, artistic ambition, and dangerous rivalries among the architect’s apprentices. As he grows older, his experiences expose him to the contradictions of an empire where beauty and intellectual achievement coexist with cruelty, jealousy, and the struggle for power. Shafak combines historical detail with an imaginative coming-of-age story, exploring loyalty, creativity, and the desire to find one’s place in the world. The novel celebrates architecture as both an artistic achievement and a lasting expression of human imagination.

The Bastard of Istanbul

The Bastard of Istanbul

The Bastard of Istanbul centres on two young women whose lives connect through a complicated family history shaped by Turkish and Armenian experiences. Asya Kazancı grows up in Istanbul in a household dominated by women, surrounded by family secrets and conflicting interpretations of the past. Meanwhile, Armanoush, an Armenian American teenager, travels secretly to Istanbul in search of her cultural roots and a better understanding of her family’s history. When the two meet, their friendship brings buried memories and long-suppressed truths to the surface, particularly those connected to the Armenian genocide and its legacy. Through humour, food, family relationships, and competing memories, Shafak examines the relationship between personal identity and collective history. The novel explores how silence and denial can shape generations, while asking whether individuals can build meaningful connections across cultural and historical divisions.

Touba and the Meaning of Night (Women Writing the Middle East)

Touba and the Meaning of Night (Women Writing the Middle East)

Shahrnush Parsipur

Spanning eight decades of Iranian history, Touba and the Meaning of Night follows Touba, a thoughtful and independent-minded woman whose life unfolds amid profound political and social transformations. Educated by her father at a time when few women had access to learning, Touba struggles to preserve her intellectual curiosity and personal autonomy as she navigates marriage, motherhood, divorce, and financial uncertainty. After two marriages end, she becomes the center of an ever-changing household, caring for her children and other family members while witnessing the upheavals that reshape Iran, from the Qajar dynasty’s decline to the 1979 Islamic Revolution. As historical events intersect with dreams, spiritual questions, and supernatural encounters, the boundary between reality and mysticism becomes increasingly fluid. Blending historical fiction with magical realism, Parsipur explores women’s experiences, the tension between tradition and modernity, and the search for spiritual and intellectual freedom in a society undergoing radical change.

Facing the Bridge

Facing the Bridge

In Facing the Bridge, Yoko Tawada brings together three surreal, interconnected tales that challenge conventional ideas of identity, language, and belonging. Moving between Japan, Germany, Vietnam, and the Canary Islands, these stories follow characters whose lives are shaped by cultural displacement, unexpected encounters, and the strange instability of the world around them. In one tale, Amo, an African boy kidnapped and brought to Europe, and Tamao, a Japanese exchange student in Germany, inhabit different historical periods yet find themselves pursued by the same mysterious shadow. Another follows Kazuko, a young Japanese woman whose journey to Vietnam begins with a mysterious postcard and develops into an unsettling exploration of identity. In the third, an unnamed translator retreats to the Canary Islands, where her attempt to interpret a text becomes entangled with banana groves, literary references, and strange encounters. With dreamlike logic, playful language, and unexpected transformations, Tawada blurs the boundaries between cultures, histories, and realities. The collection explores what happens when familiar categories of nationality, language, and selfhood begin to dissolve. Rather than presenting identity as something fixed, these stories suggest that it is continually reshaped through encounters with other people, places, and languages.

Sworn Virgin

Sworn Virgin follows Hana Doda, a young Albanian woman who chooses to live as a man under the traditional institution of the sworn virgin. In the isolated mountain communities of northern Albania, women who take this oath may assume male social roles, dress as men, and enjoy freedoms otherwise denied to them, provided they renounce marriage and sexual relationships. Hana makes this choice to escape an arranged marriage and gain control over her future. Years later, she leaves Albania and travels to the United States, where she must reconsider the identity she has constructed and the possibilities available to her in a different society. Dones explores gender, autonomy, tradition, and displacement, revealing the psychological costs of living according to restrictive social codes. The novel asks whether freedom can be achieved through rejecting one identity or whether genuine independence requires creating a new one.

Free Food for Millionaires

Free Food for Millionaires

Free Food for Millionaires follows Casey Han, a young Korean American woman who graduates from Princeton University and attempts to establish herself in New York City. Raised by immigrant parents with traditional expectations, Casey longs for independence, financial security, and entry into the glamorous world of Manhattan’s elite. Yet her expensive tastes, mounting debts, and complicated romantic relationships threaten to undermine her ambitions. As she navigates professional setbacks and social pressures, Casey struggles to reconcile her desire for personal freedom with the values instilled in her by her family. Through her experiences and those of the people around her, Lee examines class inequality, cultural assimilation, gender expectations, and the pursuit of success. The novel offers a portrait of immigrant life in which ambition can create opportunities while also deepening the conflict between inherited traditions and individual desires.

South Korea 2007

The Reluctant Fundamentalist

The Reluctant Fundamentalist

The Reluctant Fundamentalist follows Changez, a young Pakistani man who achieves professional success in New York after graduating from Princeton University. Recruited by an elite financial firm, he embraces the promise of the American dream and begins a relationship with Erica, a wealthy American woman struggling with grief. However, the attacks of September 11, 2001, transform the way Changez experiences life in the United States. Increasingly aware of the suspicion and hostility directed towards him because of his Pakistani identity, he begins to question his professional ambitions and his place in American society. Years later, he recounts his experiences to an American visitor in Lahore, leaving the reader uncertain about the encounter’s true nature. Hamid explores belonging, nationalism, prejudice, and the psychological consequences of living between cultures in a world divided by political fear.

About this theme

Books: 196
Countries: 72

Countries with this theme

Bosnia and Herzegovina

Congo, Democratic Republic

Dominican Republic

North Macedonia