Leo Tolstoy

Set in Russia during the Napoleonic Wars, War and Peace follows the lives of several aristocratic families as their personal struggles unfold against the backdrop of invasion, political upheaval, and social transformation. The novel centres on three main characters: Pierre Bezukhov, an idealistic and searching young man; Prince Andrei Bolkonsky, a disillusioned aristocrat seeking meaning and glory; and Natasha Rostova, a spirited young woman whose experiences of love and loss shape her coming of age. As Napoleon’s army advances into Russia, the characters confront the devastating realities of war, the fragility of human ambition, and the unpredictability of fate. Blending intimate family dramas with sweeping historical events, Tolstoy questions the idea that history is shaped by a handful of powerful individuals, instead emphasising the countless ordinary choices that influence the world. The novel is a profound exploration of love, mortality, freedom, and the search for meaning amid the chaos of history.

Anna Karenina explores love, marriage, family, and social expectations in nineteenth-century Russian society. Anna, an aristocratic woman trapped in an unhappy marriage, falls passionately in love with Count Vronsky, a military officer. Their relationship challenges the conventions of a society that grants men and women very different freedoms, exposing Anna to scandal and increasing isolation. Alongside her story, the novel follows Konstantin Levin, a landowner searching for meaning through work, family life, and spiritual reflection. As their lives unfold, Tolstoy examines the contradictions between personal happiness and social duty, revealing the consequences of hypocrisy and rigid moral standards. Through its complex characters and detailed portrayal of Russian life, the novel considers whether genuine fulfilment can be achieved within the expectations imposed by society.